economy to grow 1.8% this year, a revision upward from a previous estimate released in April. The organization said it expects the U.S. On Tuesday, the International Monetary Fund released fresh projections showing an improved outlook for the global and U.S. entering a recession in the next 12 months is 50% or less, the organization announced on Monday. Nearly three-quarters of forecasters surveyed by the National Association for Business Economics said that the probability of the U.S. economy has actually been quite resilient," Fed Chair Jerome Powell said late last month in Sentra, Portugal, at a conference organized by the European Central Bank.
A jobs report earlier this month showed that the labor market cooled, but still grew at a solid clip in June, adding 209,000 jobs. Some key economic indicators, meanwhile, have sustained robust performance. Inflation has fallen significantly from a peak last summer but remains one percentage point above the Federal Reserve's target of 2%. The policy appears to have succeeded in cooling prices. The approach, however, risks tipping the economy into a downturn.
#Zahn cup 2 series
The GDP data released on Thursday arrives a day after the Federal Reserve raised interest rates by 0.25%, bringing its benchmark rate to a 22-year high of between 5.25% and 5.5%.Įconomists surveyed by Bloomberg, however, think the move constitutes the central bank's final rate increase of an aggressive series that began in March 2022.įor more than a year, the Federal Reserve has aimed to roll back inflation through interest rate hikes that typically slow the economy and slash consumer demand. In general, liquids with higher viscosities will require a larger turbine as well as larger size needles, nozzles and air caps.Ĭheck out the conversion chart below for recommendations on atomizing set sizes based on viscosity measurements.Many observers define a recession through the shorthand metric of two consecutive quarters of shrinking in a nation's GDP. The thicker the coating, the longer it will take to flow through the hole, producing a higher reading. Measurements are provided in centistokes, and are expressed in seconds. Step 7: Thoroughly clean the cup with spray gun cleaner and dry it with a soft, lint-free cloth. Step 6: Repeat steps 3 – 5 until you have obtained a consistent reading. Step 5: Write down the number of seconds on the stopwatch. Step 4: Stop the timer when you see the first break in the liquid stream at the bottom of the cup. Step 3: Start the timer as soon as the top edge of the cup breaks the surface of the liquid. Step 2: With a finger in the ring, quickly lift the cup vertically out of the liquid. Stir it around for a few seconds to allow any air bubbles to dissipate. Ensure that the cup is clean and dry with no residue. The liquid temperature should be 77☏ or 25☌. You will need a stopwatch in order to get an accurate measurement. The #2 is best for measuring thin liquids including spray coatings. The difference is size is based on the varying size of the holes in the bottom of the cup. Zahn cups are available in five models numbered #1 - #5. A viscometer, also called a viscosimeter, is an instrument used to measure the friction caused by the relative motion of a Newtonian fluid and a known surface, and is usually expressed in units of poise (P), centipoise (cP. There is a long handle with a ring at the top that is attached to the side of the cup. This Number 3 Zahn-type viscosity cup meets ASTM International D4212 standard for measuring viscosity using dip-type cups. The Zahn cup is a stainless steel cup with a very small hole in the bottom. The easiest and most affordable way to measure viscosity is with a Zahn Viscosimeter. This measurement determines which size turbine and atomizing set (needle, nozzle and air cap) to use with your HVLP paint spray gun.
Viscosity refers to the thickness or internal friction of a coating. These instructions pertain to the Zahn viscosity cup.
#Zahn cup 2 how to
This article will walk you through how to measure paint viscosity for spraying with an HVLP spray gun.
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